What is Estimation, Costing and Valuation in Civil Engineering?
Table of Contents
1.What are estimation costing and valuation?
1. What are estimates, calculations, and valuations?
Estimating is the process of calculating or computing various quantities and expected costs for a specific job or project.
In the event that available funds are less than the estimated cost, the work is carried out in part or by reduction, or the specification is changed, the following requirement
are necessary for the preparation of the estimate.
a) Drawings, elevations, and sections of important points
b) Detailed specifications on processing and material properties, etc.
c) Tariff for the current fiscal year.
2. The Need for Estimation and Calculation
1. Estimates provide an idea of the price of the work and also allow one to determine its feasibility, i.e. whether the project can be completed within the available funds or not.
2. Estimates are required for submitting bids and offers and for entering into contracts.
3. The estimate determines whether the proposed plan corresponds to the available funds.
Estimation method:-
1.Preparation of a detailed estimate.
2. Calculation of the rate of each unit of work
3. Preparation of an abstract of the estimate
Types of estimates and calculations :-
1. Estimate: Estimates are divided into two types: conceptual (or approximate) estimates and detailed estimates. The classification of an estimate into one of these types is determined by the amount of information available, the amount of effort devoted to its preparation, and the intended use of the estimate. Placing an estimate in one of these two categories expresses relative confidence in the accuracy of the estimate.
2.Cost: fixed costs, variable costs, direct costs, and indirect costs.
3.How to measure material and work?
Units of measure are primarily classified by their nature, shape, and size, as well as payments to suppliers. The standard principle of measurement units is as follows:
a) Individual units functioning as doors, windows, trusses, etc. are expressed
in numbers.
b) Works consisting of linear dimensions including length, such as cornice, fencing, railings, fixed width strips etc., are expressed in standard meters (RM).
Quantity collection methods :-
Quantities such as earthwork, foundation concrete, masonry in plinth and superstructure, etc. can be calculated by one of two methods:
a) Long wall-short wall method
b) Centerline method
c) Partial middle and short wall method
4. What is rate analysis?
Factors that affect the price of a particular item are as follows:-
The items affecting the rate of this item are carefully examined before the rate of this item is decided. This process of determining the rate of an item is known as rate analysis or rate and location analysis, as well as source distance and transportation cost analysis.
Rates for a specific item of work depend on the following.
1. Specification of work and materials with regard to quality, proportions, and construction method of operation.
2. Quantity of materials and their costs
3. The price of work and its wage
4 Location of the workplace and distance from the source and transport costs 5. Overhead and set-up fees
5. How to calculate earthwork and what is earthwork?
Earthworks are generally part of all construction projects such as roads, railways, earth embankments, canal embankments, and buildings. These earthworks may consist of either excavation or filling. However, both methods can be used to achieve the desired shape and level. The volume of earthworks is calculated primarily from the length, width, and depth of the trench or excavation.
Calculate earthworks:-
case 1) the volume of earthwork in banking or when cutting without "along
tilt".
V = (bd+2x1/2x ndx d)L
V = (bd+nd2)L
Case 2: Earthwork can be calculated using the following methods when the terrain is longitudinally sloping or the formation has a uniform slope for a long time.
1. using the mid-section or mid-coordinate method
ii) Trapezoidal equation
iii) Trapezoidal formula for a series of evenly spaced c/s surfaces
iv) Prismoidal formula for a series of cross-sectional areas at equal intervals
6.ConclusionEstimating and costing civil engineering projects is critical in order to establish an appropriate project budget. The accuracy of the estimate is an important consideration. The more precise the estimator, the better they will predict project costs. Estimation is also essential for keeping budgets and timelines on track.
1. What are estimates, calculations, and valuations?
Estimating is the process of calculating or computing various quantities and expected costs for a specific job or project.
In the event that available funds are less than the estimated cost, the work is carried out in part or by reduction, or the specification is changed, the following requirement
are necessary for the preparation of the estimate.
a) Drawings, elevations, and sections of important points
b) Detailed specifications on processing and material properties, etc.
c) Tariff for the current fiscal year.
2. The Need for Estimation and Calculation
1. Estimates provide an idea of the price of the work and also allow one to determine its feasibility, i.e. whether the project can be completed within the available funds or not.
2. Estimates are required for submitting bids and offers and for entering into contracts.
3. The estimate determines whether the proposed plan corresponds to the available funds.
Estimation method:-
1.Preparation of a detailed estimate.
2. Calculation of the rate of each unit of work
3. Preparation of an abstract of the estimate
Types of estimates and calculations :-
1. Estimate: Estimates are divided into two types: conceptual (or approximate) estimates and detailed estimates. The classification of an estimate into one of these types is determined by the amount of information available, the amount of effort devoted to its preparation, and the intended use of the estimate. Placing an estimate in one of these two categories expresses relative confidence in the accuracy of the estimate.
2.Cost: fixed costs, variable costs, direct costs, and indirect costs.
3.How to measure material and work?
Units of measure are primarily classified by their nature, shape, and size, as well as payments to suppliers. The standard principle of measurement units is as follows:
a) Individual units functioning as doors, windows, trusses, etc. are expressed
in numbers.
b) Works consisting of linear dimensions including length, such as cornice, fencing, railings, fixed width strips etc., are expressed in standard meters (RM).
Quantity collection methods :-
Quantities such as earthwork, foundation concrete, masonry in plinth and superstructure, etc. can be calculated by one of two methods:
a) Long wall-short wall method
b) Centerline method
c) Partial middle and short wall method
4. What is rate analysis?
Factors that affect the price of a particular item are as follows:-
The items affecting the rate of this item are carefully examined before the rate of this item is decided. This process of determining the rate of an item is known as rate analysis or rate and location analysis, as well as source distance and transportation cost analysis.
Rates for a specific item of work depend on the following.
1. Specification of work and materials with regard to quality, proportions, and construction method of operation.
2. Quantity of materials and their costs
3. The price of work and its wage
4 Location of the workplace and distance from the source and transport costs 5. Overhead and set-up fees
5. How to calculate earthwork and what is earthwork?
Earthworks are generally part of all construction projects such as roads, railways, earth embankments, canal embankments, and buildings. These earthworks may consist of either excavation or filling. However, both methods can be used to achieve the desired shape and level. The volume of earthworks is calculated primarily from the length, width, and depth of the trench or excavation.
Calculate earthworks:-
case 1) the volume of earthwork in banking or when cutting without "along
tilt".
V = (bd+2x1/2x ndx d)L
V = (bd+nd2)L
Case 2: Earthwork can be calculated using the following methods when the terrain is longitudinally sloping or the formation has a uniform slope for a long time.
1. using the mid-section or mid-coordinate method
ii) Trapezoidal equation
iii) Trapezoidal formula for a series of evenly spaced c/s surfaces
iv) Prismoidal formula for a series of cross-sectional areas at equal intervals
6.Conclusion
Estimating and costing civil engineering projects is critical in order to establish an appropriate project budget. The accuracy of the estimate is an important consideration. The more precise the estimator, the better they will predict project costs. Estimation is also essential for keeping budgets and timelines on track.
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